Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility refers to difficulties in achieving pregnancy after previously having one or more successful pregnancies. This distinguishes secondary infertility from primary infertility, where conception has never occurred, and there is no history of previous pregnancies. Although secondary infertility is common, it often receives less public attention, which can increase the stress experienced by affected families.

Causes of Secondary Infertility

Several factors can contribute to secondary infertility, including biological, environmental, and lifestyle-related aspects. A significant factor is the natural decline in fertility with age, especially for women over 35. Previous pregnancies or deliveries can also play a role, such as complications or uterine scarring after childbirth. In men, the quality of sperm may decline over time due to aging or lifestyle factors like smoking or the use of other nicotine products.

Hormonal imbalances, such as thyroid dysfunction or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may hinder conception. Infections, such as pelvic inflammatory diseases, or chronic illnesses can also impair fertility.

If the first child was conceived at a younger age and several years have passed, age is likely the main reason for secondary infertility. In some cases, the cause of secondary infertility remains unexplained, which can add to the feelings of anxiety and confusion.

Impact and Emotions

Secondary infertility can cause significant emotional strain. Individuals may experience guilt, shame, or inadequacy, especially if their experiences are dismissed due to their previous parenthood. Relationships between partners can be tested when expectations for another child go unmet. Additionally, social pressure, such as questions from family or friends about family size, can amplify stress.

In terms of diagnosis, treatment, and support, secondary infertility is addressed with the same medical approaches as primary infertility.

Understanding secondary infertility is crucial to addressing the emotions and challenges associated with this experience empathetically and constructively.